Campus Academic System Crawler API for Python SDK-ZF Version

This is the new version of the ZF Academic System SDK for Python, which includes automatic captcha recognition and support for handling two types of captchas. The web crawler is an automation tool designed to collect information from the internet. Its main functions are to access webpages, extract data, and store it for future analysis or display. The crawler typically operates in several key steps:

1. URL Collection: The crawler starts from an initial URL or multiple URLs and iteratively discovers new URLs to construct a queue. These URLs can be collected via link analysis, site maps, or search engines.
2. Requesting the Webpage: The crawler sends HTTP requests to the target URL to fetch the HTML content, usually utilizing HTTP request libraries such as Python's Requests library.
3. Parsing Content: The crawler processes the fetched HTML to extract useful information. Tools such as regular expressions, XPath, and Beautiful Soup are commonly used for parsing.
4. Data Storage: Extracted data is stored in databases or files for later analysis or presentation, such as relational databases, NoSQL databases, or JSON files.
5. Respecting Rules: To avoid overloading the website or triggering anti-crawling mechanisms, crawlers must follow the robots.txt protocol, limit request frequency, and mimic human behavior, such as setting the User-Agent.
6. Anti-crawling Measures: Many websites implement anti-crawling measures like captchas and IP blocking. Crawler engineers need to devise strategies to tackle these challenges.

Crawlers are widely used in various fields like search engine indexing, data mining, price monitoring, and news aggregation. However, it is essential to follow legal and ethical guidelines, respect website usage policies, and ensure the responsible use of server resources.