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如何在Linux上高效安装和使用NVM

如何在Linux上高效安装和使用NVM

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NVM for Linux：简介与安装

NVM，全称为Node Version Manager，是用于管理Node.js版本的工具。它可以帮助开发者在单一系统上轻松切换多个Node.js版本，尤其在项目需要特定Node.js版本时非常实用。

安装NVM

  1. 更新系统：首先，确保你的Linux系统是最新的，运行以下命令：

bash

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

  1. 添加存储库：由于NVM不是标准Linux包，需要手动安装。使用curl或wget运行安装脚本：

bash

curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash

或者：

bash

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash

  1. 安装过程：上述命令会创建.nvm目录，并将其添加到.bashrc或.zshrc文件中。重新加载配置文件：

bash

source ~/.bashrc

  1. 验证安装：输入以下命令验证NVM是否安装成功：

bash

nvm --version

使用NVM

  1. 安装Node.js版本：使用NVM安装最新稳定版Node.js：

bash

nvm install node

或者安装指定版本，如v14.17.6：

bash

nvm install 14.17.6

  1. 切换Node.js版本：使用以下命令切换版本：

bash

nvm use 14.17.6

  1. 查看已安装版本：输入以下命令查看已安装的Node.js版本：

bash

nvm ls

  1. 设置默认版本：设置默认Node.js版本：

bash

nvm alias default 14.17.6

  1. 卸载Node.js：要卸载指定的Node.js版本，使用以下命令：

bash

nvm uninstall 14.17.6

NVM的高级用法

  • 全局安装：如果需要全局安装Node.js，使用以下命令：

bash

nvm install --lts --reinstall-packages-from=system

  • 离线安装：若网络不稳定，可以先下载Node.js二进制文件再通过NVM安装：

bash

nvm install --download-only

nvm install

  • 使用镜像源：在中国，切换到国内镜像源可以加快下载速度：

bash

export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/node

  • 自定义安装路径：可以通过环境变量NVM_DIR指定NVM的安装路径。

NVM的强大功能让开发者可以高效管理Node.js版本，减少因版本不兼容而引发的开发问题。

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nvm for linux版本 预估大小：323个文件
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.editorconfig 523B
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.mailmap 51B
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LICENSE.md 1KB
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.travis.yml 3KB
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SECURITY.md 157B
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ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md 1KB
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require-allow-edits.yml 434B
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windows-npm.yml 4KB
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release.yml 932B
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shellcheck.yml 1KB
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rebase.yml 458B
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latest-npm.yml 2KB
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toc.yml 955B
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lint.yml 2KB
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FUNDING.yml 574B
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.gitattributes 9B
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Makefile 5KB
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nvm.sh 136KB
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GOVERNANCE.md 467B
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update_test_mocks.sh 2KB
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CONTRIBUTING.md 1KB
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package.json 2KB
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bash_completion 2KB
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Dockerfile 4KB
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CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md 5KB
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install.sh 15KB
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rename_test.sh 1KB
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teardown 112B
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Sourcing nvm.sh should keep version if one is active 592B
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Sourcing nvm.sh with no default should return 0 314B
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Sourcing nvm.sh should use the default if available and no nvm node is loaded 1KB
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Sourcing nvm.sh with --no-use should not use anything 992B
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Sourcing nvm.sh global alias bug 863B
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setup 373B
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Sourcing nvm.sh with --install should install the default 1KB
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Sourcing nvm.sh with --install and .nvmrc should install it 850B
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common.sh 2KB
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install latest npm 2KB
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install from source 834B
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install with --latest-npm 269B
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install two versions and use the latest one 682B
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install version specified in .nvmrc from source 514B
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install while reinstalling packages 2KB
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install from source with thread parameter 950B
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default-packages 3KB
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install from source without V8 snapshot for ARM 762B
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install from source implicitly 587B
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setup_dir 62B
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install from binary 678B
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install hook 1KB
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install LTS 1KB
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install with --alias 244B
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install version specified in .nvmrc from binary 510B
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install already installed uses it 705B
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teardown_dir 268B
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install with --default 251B
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install from binary with binary flag set 1KB
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teardown 196B
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nvm_is_merged_node_version 426B
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nvm_ls_remote LTS aliases 1KB
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nvm version-remote 2KB
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nvm_is_valid_version 625B
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nvm_version_greater 387B
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nvm_compute_checksum 811B
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nvm_get_minor_version 1023B
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nvm_get_arch 2KB
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nvm_print_implicit_alias errors 1KB
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nvm_get_colors 3KB
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nvm_strip_path 759B
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nvm_ensure_version_prefix 639B
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nvm_alias_path 164B
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nvm_install_latest_npm 1KB
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nvm_print_color_code 641B
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nvm_use_if_needed 496B
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nvm_alias 1KB
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nvm_compare_checksum 3KB
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nvm_tree_contains_path 1021B
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nvm_install_binary_extract 2KB
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nvm ls-remote 2KB
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nvm_command_info 2KB
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nvm_ensure_version_installed 3KB
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nvm_is_iojs_version 381B
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nvm_remote_version 3KB
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nvm_clang_version 2KB
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nvm_ensure_default_set 523B
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nvm_get_latest missing curl or wget 455B
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nvm_is_alias 520B
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nvm_version_dir 608B
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nvm_node_prefix 178B
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nvm_supports_xz 884B
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nvm_print_alias_path 2KB
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nvm_get_checksum 1KB
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nvm_print_implicit_alias success 3KB
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nvm_remote_versions 3KB
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nvm_ls_remote nightly 3KB
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nvm_alias LTS-N 692B
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nvm_get_default_packages 2KB
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nvm_print_npm_version 623B
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nvm_has 352B
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nvm_curl_libz_support 1KB
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nvm_strip_iojs_prefix 521B
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nvm_install_no_progress_bar 1KB
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nvm_has_system_node 354B
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nvm_validate_implicit_alias 1KB
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nvm_node_version_has_solaris_binary 1KB
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nvm_num_version_groups 1KB
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nvm_has_system_iojs 375B
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nvm_download 513B
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nvm_print_default_alias 1KB
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nvm_get_checksum_alg 272B
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nvm_stdout_is_terminal 2KB
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nvm_iojs_prefix 178B
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nvm_version_path 692B
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nvm_is_version_installed 1KB
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nvm_version 2KB
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nvm_die_on_prefix 10KB
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nvm_curl_version 865B
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nvm_change_path 2KB
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nvm_ls_remote_iojs 1KB
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nvm_normalize_lts 1KB
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nvm_get_artifact_compression 661B
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nvm_get_mirror 1KB
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nvm_has_solaris_binary 963B
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nvm_find_project_dir 1KB
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nvm_get_checksum_binary 399B
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nvm_has_non_aliased 840B
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nvm_format_version 655B
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nvm_add_iojs_prefix 408B
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nvm_is_natural_num 591B
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nvm_check_for_help 306B
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iojs.org-dist-index.tab 7KB
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nvm ls-remote node.txt 14KB
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nvm_print_implicit_alias remote stable nightly.txt 5B
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nvm_ls_remote stable nightly.txt 34B
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nvm ls-remote lts.txt 7KB
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nvm_ls_remote LTS nightly argon.txt 4B
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nvm ls-remote iojs.txt 656B
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lts-star.txt 12B
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nvm_print_implicit_alias remote stable.txt 5B
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nvm_ls_remote.txt 6KB
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nvm_ls_remote LTS nightly.txt 1KB
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nvm_make_alias LTS alias calls.txt 155B
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nvm ls-remote.txt 15KB
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LTS_names.txt 50B
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.gitkeep 文件夹
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package.json 文件夹
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nvm_ls_remote nightly.txt 5KB
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nodejs.org-dist-index.tab 133KB
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nvm_ls_remote stable.txt 8B
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nvm_ls_remote LTS argon.txt 470B
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nvm_ls_remote_iojs.txt 492B
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nodejs.org-download-nightly-index.tab 761KB
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nvm_ls_remote LTS.txt 2KB
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nvm_find_up 817B
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nvm_install_binary_nosource 953B
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nvm_make_alias 770B
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nvm_get_download_slug 4KB
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nvm_ls_current 2KB
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nvm set_colors 2KB
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nvm_ls_remote 3KB
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nvm_iojs_version_has_solaris_binary 596B
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nvm_curl_use_compression 2KB
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Running 'nvm alias' should create a file in the alias directory 109B
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Sourcing nvm.sh should not modify parameters of caller 62B
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teardown 412B
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'nvm alias' should not accept aliases with slashes 1KB
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'nvm unalias' should not accept aliases with names equal to built-in alias 1KB
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Running 'nvm alias' lists implicit aliases when they do not exist 1KB
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Running 'nvm alias ˂aliasname˃ ˂target˃' again should change the target 864B
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Running 'nvm alias' lists manual aliases instead of implicit aliases when present 2KB
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Running 'nvm alias' should list all aliases 3KB
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nvm_resolve_alias 1KB
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Running 'nvm alias ˂aliasname˃' should list but one alias 75B
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nvm_list_aliases works with LTS aliases 585B
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nvm_ensure_default_set 695B
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setup_dir 191B
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'nvm alias' should ensure LTS alias dir exists 355B
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teardown_dir 195B
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'nvm unalias' should not accept aliases with slashes 1KB
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nvm_resolve_local_alias 2KB
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nvm_list_aliases calls nvm_get_colors 514B
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nvm_print_formatted_alias calls nvm_get_colors 648B
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teardown 161B
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nvm_resolve_alias 2KB
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nvm_resolve_local_alias 2KB
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setup 193B
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nvm_list_aliases works with no LTS aliases present 375B
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'nvm unalias' should accept aliases when they shadow a built-in alias 658B
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setup 294B
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nvm_print_alias_path calls nvm_get_colors 647B
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Running 'nvm use system' should work as expected 2KB
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nvm should remove the last trailing slash in $NVM_DIR 395B
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teardown 71B
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Running 'nvm which foo' should return a nonzero exit code when not found 78B
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Running 'nvm which 0.0.2' should display only version 0.0.2 854B
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teardown 384B
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Running 'nvm ls' should display all installed versions 1KB
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Running 'nvm ls system' should include 'system' when appropriate 558B
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Running 'nvm ls --no-alias' with a pattern errors 500B
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Running 'nvm ls' with nounset should not fail 622B
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Running 'nvm ls' should filter out '.nvm' 192B
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Running 'nvm ls 0.2' should display only 0.2.x versions 861B
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Running 'nvm ls' should list versions in the 'versions' directory 320B
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Running 'nvm ls io' should return NA 56B
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Running 'nvm ls' calls into nvm_alias 890B
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Running 'nvm ls node_' should return a nonzero exit code when not found 59B
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Running 'nvm ls' should include 'system' when appropriate 530B
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Running 'nvm ls foo' should return a nonzero exit code when not found 73B
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Running 'nvm ls' should filter out 'versions' 199B
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Running 'nvm ls stable' and 'nvm ls unstable' should return the appropriate implicit alias 902B
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Running 'nvm ls' should not show a trailing slash 779B
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Running 'nvm ls --no-alias' does not call into nvm_alias 896B
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Running 'nvm ls 0.0.2' should display only version 0.0.2 411B
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Using a nonstandard IFS should not break 297B
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Running 'nvm ls' with node-like versioning vx.x.x should only list a matched version 188B
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Running 'nvm deactivate' should unset the nvm environment variables 973B
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Running 'nvm unload' should unset all function and variables 685B
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setup_dir 195B
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Running 'nvm unalias' should remove the alias file 147B
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Running 'nvm use iojs' uses latest io.js version 1KB
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Running 'nvm use' should drop CR char automatically 512B
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Running 'nvm use foo' where 'foo' is circular aborts 992B
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Running 'nvm use x' should not create the 'current' symlink if $NVM_SYMLINK_CURRENT is false 2KB
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teardown_dir 157B
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setup 189B
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Running 'nvm current' should display current nvm environment 229B
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Sourcing nvm.sh should make the nvm command available 41B
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nvm_print_default_alias calls nvm_get_colors 581B
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nvm_print_versions calls nvm_get_colors 1KB
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nvm_err_with_colors 331B
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nvm_echo_with_colors 342B
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Running 'nvm uninstall' with incorrect file permissions fails nicely 320B
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Running 'nvm use x' should create and change the 'current' symlink 770B
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Running 'nvm install' with '--reinstall-packages-from' requires a valid version 2KB
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Running 'nvm install' with an invalid version fails nicely 375B
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Running 'nvm uninstall' should remove the appropriate directory 116B
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install from source 664B
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install two versions and use the latest one 924B
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install version specified in .nvmrc from source 632B
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install while reinstalling packages 1KB
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setup_dir 62B
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install from binary 996B
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install version specified in .nvmrc from binary 652B
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install already installed uses it 1007B
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teardown_dir 243B
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nvm install v1 works 679B
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nvm_check_global_modules 2KB
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nvm_reset 1KB
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nvm_do_install 187B
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nvm_install_with_aliased_dot 454B
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install_nvm_from_git 4KB
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nvm_profile_is_bash_or_zsh 724B
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nvm_source 3KB
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nvm_install_with_node_version 303B
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nvm_download 531B
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nvm_install_dir 677B
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nvm_detect_profile 4KB
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setup_dir 49B
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Running 'nvm uninstall 0.12.6' uninstalls v0.12.6 739B
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teardown_dir 66B
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Running 'nvm uninstall' with incorrect file permissions fails nicely 849B
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Running 'nvm copy-packages $(nvm ls current)' should error out 767B
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works with no installs 460B
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should work as expected 1KB
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setup_dir 158B
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teardown_dir 188B
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package.json 191B
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index.js 38B
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nvm_get_latest 5KB
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nvm_get_latest failed redirect 517B
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Running 'nvm run 0.x' should error out sensibly when 0.x is not installed 618B
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setup_dir 144B
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Running 'nvm run --lts' should work 579B
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Running 'nvm run --harmony --version' should work 258B
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Running 'nvm run' should pick up .nvmrc version 353B
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Running 'nvm run 0.x' should work 180B
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teardown_dir 181B
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Running 'nvm exec --lts' should work 549B
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Running 'nvm exec' should pick up .nvmrc version 506B
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setup_dir 137B
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Running 'nvm exec 0.x' should work 500B
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Preamble works and respects 'silent' flag 1KB
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teardown_dir 175B
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Running 'nvm exec' with help should not parse 206B
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Running 'nvm use --lts' uses latest LTS version 567B
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Running 'nvm use node' uses latest stable node version 546B
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Running 'nvm use v1.0.0' uses iojs-v1.0.0 iojs version 560B
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setup_dir 530B
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Running 'nvm use iojs' uses latest io.js version 536B
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Running 'nvm use --lts=foo' uses latest 'foo' LTS version 613B
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teardown_dir 519B
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Running 'nvm use node --silent' doesn't print anything 338B
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Running 'nvm use' calls 'nvm_die_on_prefix' 642B
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Running 'nvm current' should display current nvm environment 203B
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node 0.6.21 should install 0.6.21-pre 324B
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pkg_info_x86 12B
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pkg_info_amd64 153B
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pkg_info_fail 7B
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uname_smartos_amd64 123B
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uname_smartos_x86 123B
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isainfo_amd64 70B
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isainfo_x86 63B
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uname_osx_amd64 188B
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uname_osx_x86 182B
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PROJECT_CHARTER.md 3KB
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nvm-exec 351B
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ROADMAP.md 882B
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.gitignore 253B
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.dockerignore 140B
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.npmrc 19B
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README.md 40KB
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